Pope Liberius
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This article is about the
Pope Liberius. For the praetorian prefect, see Liberius
(praetorian prefect).
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Pope Liberius |
|
Papacy began |
17 May 352[a] |
Papacy ended |
24 September 366 |
Predecessor |
|
Successor |
|
Personal details |
|
Birth name |
Liberius |
Died |
24 September 366 |
Sainthood |
|
Feast day |
27 August |
Venerated in |
Papal styles of |
|
His Holiness |
|
Spoken style |
Your Holiness |
Religious style |
Holy Father |
Posthumous style |
Saint (Eastern Orthodox) |
Pope Liberius (310 – 24
September 366) was Pope of the Catholic Church from 17 May 352 until his
death on 24 September 366.[1] According to
the Catalogus Liberianus,
he was consecrated on 22 May as the successor to Pope Julius I. He is not mentioned as a saint
in the Roman Martyrology, making him the earliest pontiff not to be venerated
as a saint in the Roman Rite. Liberius is mentioned in the Greek Menology, the
Eastern equivalent to the martyrologies of the Western Church and a measure of
sainthood prior to the institution of the formal Western processes of
canonization.
Contents
·
1Life
·
2Legacy
·
4Notes
·
5Sources
Life[edit]
Liberius is recognized as
a saint within the Eastern Orthodox
Church.[2] His first recorded
act was, after a synod had been held at Rome,
to write to EmperorConstantius II, then in quarters at Arles (353–354),
asking that a council might be called at Aquileia with reference to the affairs
of Athanasius of
Alexandria, but his messenger Vincentius of Capua was compelled by
the emperor at a conciliabulumheld in
Arles to subscribe against his will to a condemnation of the orthodox patriarch
of Alexandria.[1]
Constantius was
sympathetic to the Arians, and when he could
not persuade Liberius to his point of view sent the Pope to a prison in Beroea.[2] At the end of an
exile of more than two years in Thrace, after which it seems he may have
temporarily relented, or been set up to appear to have relented –
partially evidenced by three letters, quite possibly forgeries, ascribed to
Liberius,[3] the emperor
recalled him under extreme pressure from the Roman population who refused to
recognize the puppet "pope" Felix. As the Roman See was
"officially" occupied by Antipope Felix II, a year passed before
Liberius was sent to Rome. It was the emperor's intention that Liberius should
govern the Church jointly with Felix, but on the arrival of Liberius, Felix was
expelled by the Roman people. Neither Liberius nor Felix took part in the Council of Rimini (359).[1]
After the death of the
Emperor Constantius in 361, Liberius annulled the decrees of that assembly but,
with the concurrence of bishops Athanasius and Hilary of Poitiers,
retained the bishops who had signed and then withdrew their adherence. In 366,
Liberius gave a favourable reception to a deputation of the Eastern episcopate,
and admitted into his communion the more moderate of the old Arian party. He
died on 24 September 366.[1]
Some historians have
postulated that Liberius resigned the papacy in 365, in order to
make sense of the reign of Antipope Felix II.[4] That view is
overwhelmingly outnumbered by the writings of historians and scholars which
document Liberius' staunch orthodoxy through the end of his pontificate ended
by his death.
Legacy[edit]
Pope Pius IX noted in Quartus
Supra that Liberius was falsely accused by the Arians and he had
refused to condemn Athanasius of
Alexandria.[5] In his
encyclical Principi Apostolorum Petro, Pope Benedict XV noted that Pope Liberius
went fearlessly into exile in defence of the orthodox faith.[6]
In the Eastern Orthodox
Church, Liberius is a saint whose feast is celebrated on August 27.[7]
The Basilica
di Santa Maria Maggiore in Rome is sometimes referred to as the
Liberian Basilica.
See also[edit]
Notes[edit]
1. ^ The Liberian Catalogue lists
the date of Liberius's consecration as 22 May. Catholic Encyclopedia gives
17 May, noting that the 22nd was not a Sunday. The date could also be 21 June,
a Sunday, which differs from 22 May by only one letter in the Roman calendar
(XI Kal. Jun/Jul.)
Sources[edit]
1. ^ a b c d Herbermann,
Charles, ed. (1913). "Pope Liberius" . Catholic Encyclopedia.
New York: Robert Appleton Company.
2. ^ a b "St. Liberius the Pope of Rome". oca.org.
Orthodox Church in America. Retrieved 2015-04-14.
3. ^ Byfiend, Ted, ed. Darkness Descends, pg. 35
4. ^ Herbermann,
Charles, ed. (1913). "Abdication" . Catholic Encyclopedia.
New York: Robert Appleton Company.
5. ^ Pope Pius IX (6 January 1873). "Quartus
Supra (On The Church In Armenia)". Eternal Word Television
Network. Retrieved 2 June2015.
6. ^ Pope Benedict XV (5 October
1920). "Principi Apostolorum Petro, Encyclical Of Pope
Benedict XV On St. Ephrem The Syrian To The Patriarchs, Primates, Archbishops,
Bishops, And Other Ordinaries In Peace And Communion With The Apostolic
See". Libreria Editrice Vaticana. Retrieved 2 June 2015.
7. ^ "On Monday, August 27, 2012 we celebrate". Online
Chapel. Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of America. Retrieved August 14, 2012.
References[edit]
·
This article incorporates text
from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed.
(1911). "Liberius" . Encyclopædia
Britannica. 16 (11th ed.). Cambridge University
Press.
External links[edit]
|
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Liberius. |
|
Wikisource has
the text of the 1913 Catholic
Encyclopedia article Pope Liberius. |
·
Translation of Jaffe-Kaltenbrunner's Register of the
Roman Pontiff.
Preceded by |
Bishop of Rome |
Succeeded by |
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